ZYBERMART

Roman Numeral Converter

Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers, with a step-by-step breakdown.

Type a number from 1 to 3,999, or Roman numerals like MMXXVI.

In Roman numerals

–

How it breaks down

Roman numerals chart

SymbolValueSymbolValue
I1 IV4
V5 IX9
X10 XL40
L50 XC90
C100 CD400
D500 CM900
M1,000

The rules

  1. Write symbols from the largest value to the smallest and add them: XVI = 10 + 5 + 1 = 16.
  2. A smaller symbol before a larger one is subtracted. Only six pairs are used: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900).
  3. I, X, C and M can repeat up to three times in a row; V, L and D never repeat. So 4 is IV, not IIII (although some clocks use IIII).

Frequently asked questions

How do Roman numerals work?

Seven letters stand for values: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1,000. Symbols are written from largest to smallest and added together, except that a smaller symbol placed before a larger one is subtracted, as in IV = 4 and XC = 90.

What is the largest Roman numeral?

With standard symbols the largest number is 3,999, written MMMCMXCIX. Larger numbers were written with a bar over a symbol to multiply it by 1,000, but that isn't part of the standard form.

Is there a Roman numeral for zero?

No. The Romans had no symbol for zero. Medieval scholars sometimes wrote “nulla” (nothing) instead.

How do I write a year in Roman numerals?

Convert it like any other number. 2026 is MMXXVI: MM (2,000) + XX (20) + VI (6). Years appear in Roman numerals on clocks, buildings, film credits and the Super Bowl.

Related tools